基于元胞自动机的盲人疏散行为建模与仿真研究

Modeling and Simulation of Evacuation Behavior for Blind People Based on Cellular Automata

摘要: 为了研究盲人在疏散过程中的疏散特性及规律，探究盲人对整个疏散效率的影响，本文基于元胞自动机理论，以盲人和正常行人为研究对象，针对盲人的心理特性和行为特征，引入多种收益参数，建立了含有盲人时人群疏散的元胞自动机模型。数值模拟了不同人群密度、盲人所占比例、正常行人对盲人的帮扶概率以及有无引导源等因素对行人疏散过程的影响。研究表明，与正常人群疏散相比，混合人群中盲人占比越大，疏散效率越低；低密度下，帮扶行为以及引导源的引导对混合人群疏散的影响较小，随着行人密度的增加以及盲人占比的增大，帮扶概率对疏散效率的影响显著提升，引导源的引导作用对疏散效率的影响也有一定程度的提升。本文研究结果有助于推进盲人聚集场所安全疏散策略的进一步完善。

Abstract: In order to study the evacuation characteristics and laws of the blind during the evacuation process and explore how the blind influence the overall evacuation efficiency, through analyzing the psychological and behavioral characteristics of the blind, a cellular automaton model is established, in which several kinds of revenue parameters are introduced. The numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of factors, such as different population density, the proportion of blind people, the probability of assistance, and the source of guidance on the evacuation process of pedestrians. The simulations show that the greater the proportion of blind people in the mixed population, the lower the evacuation efficiency. At low density, the helping behavior and the guidance source have little impact on the evacuation of mixed people. With the increase of density of pedestrians and the proportion of blind people, the impact of assistance probability and the guiding role of the guidance source are significantly improved. The results will contribute to the further improvement of the safe evacuation strategy for blind gathering places.