一体化编码对老年人联结记忆和项目记忆的权衡性影响

The Trade-Off Effect of Unitization Coding on Association Memory and Item Memory in Older Adults

摘要: 目的：探究一体化编码在提高老年人联结记忆成绩的同时，是否会对其项目记忆产生损害。方法：本研究采用2 × 2的混合实验设计，选取41名60岁以上的老年人参与实验，将被试分为使用编码策略和不使用编码策略两组，采用不同通道的实验材料，通过联结再认范式进行研究，探究一体化编码策略对老年人联结记忆和项目记忆的影响。结果：无论是项目再认还是联结再认，老年人在使用一体化编码策略条件下的再认正确率均高于不使用一体化编码策略条件；老年人的项目再认正确率高于联结再认正确率；在项目记忆成绩上，老年人对图片–图片对中图片项目的再认正确率显著高于对声音–图片对中声音项目的再认正确率；而且在使用一体化编码的条件下，对于图片–图片对材料，老年人的项目再认正确率显著高于联结再认正确率。结论：无论是跨通道的材料还是相同通道的材料，进行意义联想的一体化编码策略在提高老年人联结记忆的同时，也会提高项目记忆。

Abstract: Objective: To explore how unitization encoding influence the associative memory and item memory performance in older adults. Methods: A 2 × 2 mixed experimental design was conducted in the present experiment. Forty-one elders over 60 years old were divided into two groups: using coding strategy and not using coding strategy. The present experiment used the association recognition paradigm to explore the effect of unitization coding on associative memory and item memory in elders by using pictures and sounds from different modalities as experiment materials. Results: Regardless of item recognition or associative recognition, the recognition accuracy of the older adults with the unitization encoding strategy was higher than that without the unitization encoding strategy. The item recognition accuracy of the older adults is higher than that of the associative recognition. The item recognition accuracy of the elders for the pictuers-pictuers pairs, is higher than that for the sounds-pictures pairs. Under the condition of unitization encoding, for the pictuers-pictuers pairs, the item recognition accuracy of the elders is higher than the associative recognition accuracy. Conclusion: The unitization encoding strategy improved both associative memory and item memory in the older adults, regardless of item pairs are from cross-modality or the same modality.