护理专项培训对儿童呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Particular Nursing Training on the Incidence of the Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Children

摘要: 目的：探讨护理专项培训对预防儿童呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率，医务人员对儿童VAP防控循证知识掌握度和实践合格率的影响。方法：本研究采用类实验性研究设计，采用自身前后对比研究。应用机械通气患儿一般资料调查问卷，儿童VAP防控循证相关知识问卷、防控患儿VAP最佳护理实践床边项目表、质控小组成员对监控项目表进行测量分析。结果：经过护理专项培后VAP发生率(%)由干预前的7.5%降至干预后的2.5%。儿科ICU护士预防VAP循证护理知识合格率55.23%提高至96.48%。预防VAP循证护理态度合格率93.00%提高至98%。预防VAP循证护理行为合格率90.75%提高至98.5%。实施儿童VAP防控最佳护理实践干预前后相关防控措施落实由干预前的67.8%提高至93.1%。结论：通过预防VAP的护理专项培训，提高护士的认知率，提高实施最佳实践的依从性，能有效减少VAP发生的风险，从而降低VAP发生率，改善患儿的预后，为国内外针对儿童VAP的研究提供数据及参考价值。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the impact of particular nursing training on the prevention of the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in children, evidence-based knowledge and practice pass rate of VAP prevention and control in children by medical staff. Methods: This study was designed with quasi-experimental research and comparative study on their own before and after, using the general data questionnaire for children with mechanical ventilation, evidence-based knowledge questionnaire for children’s VAP prevention and control, bedside project list of best nursing practices for children with prevention and control, and quality control team members to measure and analyze the monitoring project table to analyze data. Results: The incidence of VAP (%) after nursing special training decreased from 7.5% before intervention to 2.5% after intervention. The pass rate of pediatric ICU nurses’ knowledge of VAP evidence-based nursing has increased from 55.23% to 96.48%. The pass rate of VAP evidence-based nursing attitude has increased from 93.00% to 98%. The pass rate of VAP evidence-based nursing prevention behavior has increased from 90.75% to 98.5%. The implementation of relevant prevention and control measures before and after the implementation of best nursing practices for children’s VAP prevention and control has increased from 67.8% before intervention to 93.1%. Conclusion: Through special nursing training to prevent VAP, improving nurses’ cognitive rate and compliance with best practices can effectively reduce the risk of VAP occurrence, thus reducing the incidence of VAP, improving the prognosis of children, and providing data and reference value for VAP research for children at home and abroad.