老年人公共服务满意度、社区归属感与幸福感研究——以天津地区老年人为例

Public Service Satisfaction, Community Belonging and Happiness of the Elderly—Taking the Elderly in Tianjin as an Example

摘要: 根据第七次人口普查数据显示，中国正在步入老年化社会，如何实现健康老龄化既是社会问题，也是学术问题，更关系到国家战略和国家规划的重大问题。研究以天津市行政区域内的部分老年人为研究对象，重点探讨老年人公共服务满意度、社区归属感、自我控制及总体幸福感的现状及影响因素。研究结果：1) 老年人在社区归属感和幸福感上没有表现出性别的差异性，但男性老年被试和女性老年被试在公共服务满意度存在显著差异，同时女性老年被试的自我控制更强。2) 市区老年人在公共服务满意度、群体归属感、总体幸福感上高于城镇老年人，但城镇老年被试的自我控制高于市区老年被试。3) 婚姻状态是影响老年人公共服务满意度的重要因素；婚姻状态对老年人的自我控制、总体幸福感没有产生显著影响。4) 公共服务满意度是影响老年人总体幸福感的重要因素；公共服务通过自我控制、社区归属感影响老年人幸福感，自我控制、社区归属感在公共服务与老年人幸福感之间起中介作用。

Abstract: According to the data of the seventh population census, China is entering an aging society. How to realize healthy aging is not only a social and academic issue, but also a major issue related to national strategy and national planning. This study focuses on the current situation and influencing factors of public service satisfaction, community belonging, self-control and overall well-being of the elderly in Tianjin administrative region. Results: 1) There was no gender difference in the sense of community belonging and happiness among the elderly, but there was a significant difference in the satisfaction of public service between the elderly male and female subjects, and the elderly female subjects had stronger self-control. 2) Public service satisfaction, group belonging and overall happiness of the urban elderly are higher than those of the urban elderly, but the self-control of the urban elderly is higher than that of the urban elderly. 3) Marital status is an important factor affecting the satisfaction of the elderly with public service; marital status has no significant influence on self-control and general happiness of the elderly. 4) Public service satisfaction is an important factor affecting the overall happiness of the elderly; public service affects the well-being of the elderly through self-control and community belonging, and self-control and community belonging play an intermediary role in the relationship between public service and well-being of the elderly.