中国老年人面孔可信度加工的视觉特点：来自眼动的研究证据

The Visual Characteristics of the Chinese Older Adults in Facial Trustworthiness Processing: The Evidence from an Eye Movement Study

摘要: 以老年人为诈骗对象的刑事案件中，陌生人犯案占比重最大。为了进一步了解老年人受骗背后的心理机制，本研究采用眼动追踪技术，探究了中国老年人在对陌生人进行面孔可信度加工时的视觉特点。本研究包括两个实验：实验一通过操控面孔可信度来验证中国老年人面孔信任评价特点。实验二使用眼动技术，对老年人和青年人进行面孔可信度判断任务时的眼动数据进行实时记录，结合面孔再认测验进一步探究中国老年人面孔可信度加工过程中的视觉特点。结合实验一和实验二的研究结果发现：1) 相较于青年人，老年被试对中性面孔和不可信面孔的信任评价更为积极；2) 老年被试的首注视点更多地偏向于可信面孔，落在可信面孔上凝视时间、总注视时间以及注视点个数更多；3) 老年人再认可信面孔成绩好于不可信面孔。结果表明，相较于青年人，中国老年人存在轻信风险，更有可能受到陌生人的欺骗，且中国老年人存在对可信面孔的加工偏向和记忆优势。

Abstract: Strangers account for the large proportion of criminal fraud targeting the elderly. To further un-derstand the psychological mechanism behind this phenomenon, this current study used eye movement tracking technology to explore the visual characteristics of the Chinese older adults in facial trustworthiness processing. This study consists of two experiments. In experiment 1, we used the face images with different facial trustworthiness to investigate the characteristics of the Chinese older adults in the face trust evaluation. In experiment 2, we used the eye movement tracking technology and the face recognition test to examine the visual perception processing characteristics and the memory of the trustworthy and untrustworthy face images by Chinese older adults. Combined the experiment 1 and experiment 2, we found that: 1) Chinese older adults have higher evolution of untrusted faces compared with young people; 2) Chinese older adults have a processing preference for trusted faces; 3) Chinese older adults show a memory advantage of the trusted faces. These results indicated that the Chinese older adults are more likely to be deceived by strangers than young people. In addition, compared with young people, older adults have a processing preference and a memory advantage for trusted faces.