修辞策略在医患会话中的应用

Application of Rhetorical Strategy in Doctor-Patient Conversation

摘要: 修辞手法作为一种艺术手法常常在文章中被写作者加以运用以吸引读者的注意力、展现人或物的生动性、增加文章的美感。事实上，修辞不仅可以在写作中被使用，在日常的言谈交际和机构性会话中，交际双方为了达到各自的交际目的也会使用各种修辞手段。本文通过观察门诊中医患之间对话，发现医生通常会使用比喻、对比、双关、反问等修辞技巧向就诊患者传达医疗信息，这对患者充分理解病情、积极接受医疗建议具有重要作用；与此同时患者在就诊时也会使用少量修辞向医生陈述病情以帮助医生快速准确地诊断。基于这种修辞语境，可以设想在医学专业开设修辞课堂、建立医学修辞预案库，这为培养和谐良好的就诊环境提供了可能。

Abstract: As an artistic technique, rhetoric is often used by writers in articles to attract the reader’s atten-tion, show the vividness of people or things, and increase the beauty of the article. In fact, rhetoric can not only be used in writing, but also in daily conversational communication and institutional conversation; the communicative parties will also use a variety of rhetorical means in order to achieve their own communicative purposes. By observing the dialogue between patients and physicians in outpatient clinics, this paper finds that doctors often use rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, contrast, pun, rhetoric question, and so on to convey medical information to patients, which is important for patients to fully understand the condition and actively accept medical advice. Meanwhile, patients also use a small amount of rhetoric to explain their condition to their doctor during the visit to help them diagnose quickly and accurately. Based on this rhetorical context, setting up rhetorical classes in medical majors and establishing a medical rhetoric plan database should be considered, because they provide the possibility for cultivating a harmonious and good medical environment.