认知术语学视阈下的范畴观在文化术语翻译中的应用

The Application of Category in Cultural Terminology Translation from the Perspective of Cognitive Terminology

摘要: 为简化对客观世界的感知与理解，人们诉诸于范畴化与知识结构化，将概念整合为范畴，以揭示概念系统与概念间关系。术语单元承载着主要的语义负荷，指称概念，因此，术语翻译本质是以范畴的跨语言跨文化转换为基础的认知决策过程。本文就认知术语学视角下的代表性理论，即社会认知术语学、框架术语学所涉范畴观点及其在西方文化术语译介中的研究现状进行梳理，探究如何基于这两大理论识解不同领域术语意义，实现范畴在异质文化中的跨语转换。分析结果表明，社会认知术语学与框架术语学理论指导下的文化术语翻译研究主要基于范畴构建认知模型，将其作为认知框架以凸显源语范畴与译语范畴间的知识结构与语言表达的动态关系，揭示人类思维、心理体验和术语创造方式，进而指导文化术语翻译。这对中国文化术语译介研究具有积极的启示意义。

Abstract: To simplify the perception and further understanding of the objective world, people resort to categorization and structure knowledge, integrating concepts into categories to reveal the conceptual structures and relationships between concepts. Terminology, as the representation of concepts, carries the main semantic load. Therefore, the terminology translation is essentially a cognitive decision-making process involving the cross-lingual and cross-cultural transformation of categories. This paper reviews the research and application of category in western terminology translation studies based on representative theories of Cognitive Terminology, namely, Socio-Cognitive Terminology (SCT) and Frame-Based Terminology (FBT), exploring how researchers interpret the meaning of terminology of different domains within these two theories to achieve category transformation effectively. The results show that category-based cognitive models are usually constructed in the western terminology translation studies from the perspective of SCT or FBT, serving as cognitive frames to highlight the dynamic relationship of knowledge structure and language expression between source language categories and target language categories, and reveal human thinking, psychological experience and the ways of creating terminology, so as to guide the translation practice of terminology, which is conducive to promote the application of category translation in the Chinese terminology translation.