宋辽交聘的使职类型与出使线路研究

Study on the Types of Envoys and the Perspective of Ambassador Route in the Song and Liao Dynasties

摘要: 宋辽交聘在宋辽关系史中占据重要的地位，是中国历史上对立政权间和平对等交往的典范。从交聘制度看，双方遣使一般分为常使和泛使两类。常使有“贺正旦使”“贺生辰使”“告哀使”“回谢使”等，泛使则是商议重大事务的特别使节。从出使路线看，受契丹四时捺钵制度和使辽宋臣使职类型的影响，辽主受礼地点遍布五京，故而宋使行进驿路并不固定。在出使过程中，宋使多有“绕路”记载，盖因宋辽使臣相互防备、猜忌或其他客观原因而成。

Abstract: The diplomatic between the Song and Liao Dynasties played an important role in the history of rela-tions between the Song and Liao dynasties, and it was a model of peaceful and equal exchanges be-tween opposing regimes in Chinese history. From the perspective of the diplomatic system, ambas-sadors sent by both sides are generally divided into two categories: Regular Ambassador and In-terim Ambassador. Regular ambassador includes “Celebrate Spring Festival Ambassadors” “Cele-brate-Birthday Ambassadors” “Death Declaration Ambassador” “Return thanks Ambassadors” etc., and the interim ambassador is a special envoy to discuss important affairs. From the perspective of ambassador route, influenced by the Khitan’s four-reason NaBo (Hunting, Hunting camp) system and the types of emissary post of ambassador-to-Liao in the Song Dynasty, the places where Liao masters received gifts were all over five capitals, so the route of the ambassadors in the Song Dyn-asty was not fixed. In the process of the ambassador of the Song Dynasty going to the Liao Dynasty, the envoys of the Song Dynasty recorded “detours”, probably due to mutual defense and suspicion between song and Liao envoys, or other objective reasons.