现代汉语“说不得”的情态类型及消亡现象探析

An Analysis of “Shuō’bù’de”’s Modal Types and Extinction Phenomenon in Modern Chinese

摘要: 现代汉语中“说不得”结构出现频率较低，呈消亡态势。通过对BCC语料库中“说不得”进行统计可知，“不能说、不可说”是现代汉语中“说不得”的主要意义。本文从“说不得”的情态类型角度对其语义分布特点进行了解释，并在此基础上认为“说不得”消亡的主要机制为语言经济性原则；外部原因为该结构不具备竞争优势，容易被替代。

Abstract: In modern Chinese, the “shuō’bù’de” structure appears less frequently and shows a trend of ex-tinction. Through the statistics of “shuō’bù’de” in the BCC corpus, it can be seen that “can’t say” is the main meaning of “shuō’bù’de” in modern Chinese. With explaining the semantic distribution characteristics from the perspective of the modal type, the main mechanism of the demise of “shuō’bù’de” is the principle of linguistic economy; external reasons are that the structure does not have a competitive advantage and is easily replaced.