不同生理唤醒水平下注意焦点转换对运动技能操作表现的影响

Effects of Attentional Focus Switching on Performance of Motor Skills under Different Physiological Arousal Levels

摘要: 在运动过程中，注意焦点的变化会对注意选择和分配产生影响，从而引发运动技能发挥水平产生波动。本研究通过专家访谈、现场试验、数理统计等研究方法，对注意焦点和唤醒水平的交互作用，以及不同生理唤醒水平条件下注意焦点的转换对开链式运动技能操作水平的影响为切入点进行研究。结果发现：1) 生理唤醒水平和注意焦点之间的交互作用对运动技能操作表现具有显著性影响；2) 低和中等唤醒水平时，指向外部的注意焦点方式运动技能操作表现影响最佳，往后依次为双重任务和指向内部两种方式；3) 高生理唤醒水平时，指向内部的注意力焦点方式对运动技能操作表现影响最佳，往后依次为指向外部和双重任务两种方式。所以，为有效提升运动员的运动技能操作表现水平，在运动训练中应强化不同唤醒水平下不同注意力焦点方式的使用习惯。

Abstract: During exercise, changes in the focus of attention will have an impact on the selection and distri-bution of attention, which will cause fluctuations in the level of exercise skills. This study uses expert interviews, field experiments, mathematical statistics and other research methods to study the interaction between focus of attention and arousal levels, and the impact of focus shifts on the level of motor skills under different physiological arousal levels. The results showed that: 1) The interaction between the physiological arousal level and the focus of attention has a significant impact on the performance of motor skills; 2) At low and medium arousal levels, the focus of attention that points to the outside has a significant effect on the performance of motor skills. The effect is the best, followed by dual tasks and internally directed two methods respectively; 3) When the level of physiological arousal is high, the internally directed focus of attention has the best performance on motor skills operation, followed by externally directed and dual two ways of task. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the athletes’ sports performance, the habits of using different focus modes under different arousal levels should be strengthened in sports training.