新冠病毒Omicron变异株S蛋白变异位点及进化分析

Mutation Sites and Evolutionary Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike Protein

摘要: 新冠病毒Omicron变异株是2021年11月首次在南非发现，并已成为当前传染性最高的主流变异株，其传染性和S蛋白位点变异存在相关性。本文通过生物信息学方法对Omicron变异株的S蛋白变异位点进行分析，并与多种冠状病毒S蛋白进行多序列比对及构建系统进化树。结果显示Omicron变异株S蛋白序列保守性较高，共发现26个变异位点，其中K417N、Q493R、N501Y、Y505H变异位点可能增强病毒感染性。序列比对显示该变异株与Zeta变异株一致性最高，达到98.11%，其次与猫、猴的冠状病毒S蛋白序列一致性皆为98.04%，与Lambda变异株相似性最低，其一致性为97.01%。本研究有助于了解Omicron变异株S蛋白的功能，并为后续筛选靶向药物提供理论依据。

Abstract: The omicron variant was first detected in South Africa in November 2021 and has become the most prevalent variant, with a correlation with variation in its Spike protein locus. Using bioinformatics methods and software, we analyzed the mutation sites of Spike protein with the Omicron variant and compared it with other coronaviruses to construct the phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the sequence of Spike protein with the Omicron variant is highly conserved. A total of 26 mutation sites have been found in the Spike protein, among which K417N, Q493R, N501Y, and Y505H may enhance virus infectivity. Sequence alignment showed that the omicron variant had the highest identity with the Zeta variant, reaching 98.11%, followed by coronaviruses such as Felinae and Primates, with 98.04% identity. The lowest identity is with the Lambda variant, with an identity of 97.01%. This study will help to understand the function of the Spike protein of the Omicron variant and provide a theoretical basis for further research and screening of new antiviral drug targeting Spike protein.