乌鲁木齐机场春季一次雷雨天气的中尺度分析

Mesoscale Analysis of Thunderstorm Weather at Urumqi Airport in Spring

摘要: 2022年5月27日乌鲁木齐机场出现了一次中雷雨天气过程，对机场和终端区多个航班造成较强影响。本文利用常规观测资料、机场自动观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、微波辐射计资料、多普勒雷达资料对此次强对流天气进行诊断分析，初步探讨此次强对流天气的形成机制。结果表明：1) 强对流发生前夕，中低层存在切变线和水平风的垂直切变。2) 中低层的对流不稳定为强对流过程提供了不稳定条件。3) 午后云量的增加使中层水汽不断汇集，为雷暴的发生提供水汽条件。4) 从各类指数分布看，乌鲁木齐周边累积了大量不稳定能量，在大尺度强迫作用下克服了对流抑制而产生了对流。5) 微波辐射计资料中的液态水含量针对此次雷雨有较好的对应。

Abstract: On May 27, 2022, a moderate thunderstorm occurred at Urumqi Airport, which had a strong impact on several flights at the airport and terminal area. In this paper, we make a diagnosis and analysis of the severe convective weather by using routine data, AWOS data, NCEP reanalysis data, the microwave radiometer data and the Doppler radar data, discussing the formation mechanism of the severe convective weather. The results show that: 1) Before the occurrence of strong convection, there are shear lines and vertical shear of horizontal wind in the middle and low levels. 2) The convective instability in the middle and low layers provides unstable conditions for the strong convective process. 3) The increase of cloud cover in the afternoon makes the water vapor in the middle layer collect continuously, which provides the water vapor conditions for the occurrence of thunderstorms. 4) From the perspective of various exponential distributions, a large amount of unstable energy has accumulated around Urumqi, which overcomes the convective inhibition under the action of large-scale forcing and generates convection. 5) The liquid water content in microwave radiometer data has a good correspondence to this thunderstorm.