黑龙江省县域收缩的时空演变格局研究

Study on the Spatio-Temporal Evolution Pattern of County Shrinkage in Heilongjiang Province

摘要: 县域是城市最基本的组成单元，县域收缩进程势必会影响到城市收缩水平，研究县域收缩符合我国国情的需要，也是对城市收缩理论的又一补充。本文选取黑龙江省63个县(市)作为研究对象，利用ArcGIS软件空间自相关方法分析城镇收缩的时空演变格局。结果表明：① 2016~2019年黑龙江县域收缩程度整体下降。其中，高水平集聚区主要在黑龙江省南部，低水平集聚区主要出现在大兴安岭地区，其余地区县域收缩水平空间不显著；② 2016~2017年，黑龙江省县域收缩高水平集聚区主要出现在南部，由于毗邻哈长城市群，受到“虹吸效应”影响，县域收缩水平较高；③ 2018~2019年，黑龙江省县域收缩高水平集聚区明显减少，可见由于县域发展水平有所上升，收缩进程有所减缓；④ 2016~2019年黑龙江省县域收缩低水平区主要出现在大兴安岭及其周边地区县域并且出现时间较晚，由于地理位置较远，发展水平较低，因此受到县域收缩进程影响较小。

Abstract: County is the most basic component unit of a city, and the process of county shrinkage is bound to affect the level of urban shrinkage. Studying county shrinkage is in line with the needs of China’s national conditions, and is also a supplement to the theory of urban shrinkage. This paper selects 63 counties (cities) in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, and uses ArcGIS software spatial autocorrelation method to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of urban contraction. The results show that: 1) The overall shrinkage of Heilongjiang County decreased from 2016 to 2019. Among them, the high level cluster area is mainly in the south of Heilongjiang Province, while the low level cluster area is mainly in the Great Khingan Mountains area, and the shrinkage level space of other counties is not significant; 2) From 2016 to 2017, the high level cluster of county shrinkage in Heilongjiang Province mainly appeared in the south. Due to its proximity to the Harbin Great Wall City Cluster, affected by the “siphon effect”, the county shrinkage was relatively high; 3) In 2018~2019, the high level cluster areas of county shrinkage in Heilongjiang Province decreased significantly, which shows that the shrinkage process has slowed down due to the rise of county development level; 4) The low level areas of county shrinkage in Heilongjiang Province in 2016~2019 are mainly located in the Great Khingan Mountains and its surrounding counties, which are relatively late. Due to their remote geographical location and low development level, they are less affected by the process of county shrinkage.