病态社会下的主体异化——论《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中的疾病叙事

Subject Alienation in a Morbid Society—Illness Narrative in A Rose for Emily

摘要: 作为美国“南方文艺复兴”时期的代表性作家，威廉•福克纳(William Faulkner)以其别具一格的意识流风格以及娴熟高超的叙事技巧为读者绘制了一幅衰败而又怪诞的南方画卷。在其最负盛名的短篇小说《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中，福克纳以层次丰富的疾病意象，如自闭症、失语症与疯癫症，向读者揭示了看似平静的杰弗生镇下潜藏着的异质意识形态相互碰撞的暗流。与此同时，小说中个人的主体异化具有鲜明的社会畸变性指向，其暗示了战后陷入“迷惘”思潮并被清教主义所侵蚀的病态的美国南方社会。两条叙事主线在疾病表象的遮蔽之下明暗交织，并峙推进，隐示着社会规约的“满”与主体意识的“空”，揭露出个人在与社会抗争中的沉默和失语，进一步鞭挞了病态社会对主体的禁囿、规训与迫害。

Abstract: As an iconic writer of the Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner applied his distinctive stream- of-consciousness style and masterful narrative skills to paint a picture of the decaying and gro-tesque South. In his most celebrated short story, A Rose for Emily, based on the richly layered imagery of illnesses such as autism, aphasia, and madness, Faulkner revealed the undercurrents of heterogeneous ideologies that lurked beneath the seemingly peaceful town of Jefferson. At the same time, the alienation of the individual subjects in the novel has a distinct orientation of social deformity, indicating a morbid post-war American Southern society caught up in the “confusion” and eroded by Puritanism. The two main narrative threads were intertwined under the cover of the disease, suggesting the “fullness” of the social statute and the “emptiness” of the subject’s consciousness, revealing the silence and dissonance of the individual in his struggle against society, and further denouncing the prohibition, discipline, and persecution of the subject by the pathological society.