新冠疫情宿舍管控期大学生焦虑与睡眠质量特征分析及社会支持的调节效应

Characteristics of College Students’ Anxiety and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Dormitory Control Period and the Moderating Effect of Social Support

摘要: 目的：探究新冠疫情宿舍管控期间大学生焦虑、睡眠质量的变化特点以及社会支持的调节作用，旨在为此期间的大学生及时、有效开展心理疏导与心理危机干预提供依据。方法：采用方便抽样法，在2022年1月西安高校宿舍管控期对西安6所大学抽取1412大学生，采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)以及领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)进行线上心理测量，运用相关、调节效应分析等对数据进行分析。结果：大学生焦虑阳性检出率为32.44%，睡眠问题检出率为33.29%。和宿舍管控前相比，48.44%的大学生感受到焦虑加重，57.01%的大学生早上起床时间变晚；焦虑与睡眠质量得分呈显著正相关(r = 0.557, P < 0.001)。社会支持的三个维度均在焦虑对睡眠质量的直接影响中起到调节作用(β = 0.05, 0.06, 0.07; t = 2.06, 2.69, 2.93; P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.01)，其中朋友同学支持的调节作用更明显(β = 0.07, P < 0.01)。当学校/老师、朋友同学支持分数高时，焦虑对睡眠质量的影响作用会减弱(β = 0.48→0.40, β = 0.49→0.42)，但高的家庭支持反而使焦虑对睡眠质量的影响作用加强(β = 0.50→0.62)。结论：新冠疫情宿舍管控期大学生的焦虑明显，作息变化较大，睡眠质量变差，学校/老师、朋友同学支持是减缓大学生焦虑对睡眠质量负性影响的主要途径。

Abstract: Objective: In order to provide basis for timely and effective psychological counseling and crisis intervention for college students during the epidemic control period, the thesis explores the change characteristics of college students’ anxiety and sleep quality and whether the social support has a moderating effect on the influence of anxiety on sleep quality during the control period of COVID-19. Methods: 1412 college students from six universities in Xi’an were surveyed online by using Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) during the epidemic control period 2022 January, statistical methods such as correlation analysis and moderating effect analysis were used. Results: During the epidemic control period, the positive detection rate of anxiety is 32.44% and the detection rate of sleep problems is 33.29%. Compared with before the epidemic control, 48.44% of college students felt anxiety increased, 57.01% of college students got up later in the morning. There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and sleep quality score (r = 0.557, P < 0.001). The three dimensions of social support all play a moderating role in the direct influence of anxiety on sleep quality (β = 0.05, 0.06, 0.07; t = 2.06, 2.69, 2.93; P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.01), and the moderating effect of support from friends and classmates was greater (β = 0.07, P < 0.01). When school/teacher, friends and classmates support scores were high, the effect of anxiety on sleep quality was weakened (β = 0.48→0.40, β = 0.49→0.42), but high family support will strengthen the impact of anxiety on sleep quality (β = 0.50→0.62). Conclusion: During the control period of COVID-19, college students’ anxiety is obvious, the work and rest time changes greatly and their sleep quality deteriorates. Support from school/teachers, friends and classmates is the main way to alleviate the negative impact of college students’ anxiety on sleep quality.