法权理论下防卫限度判断规则的构建

Construction of the Rules for the Limits of Defense Judging under the Theory of Recht

摘要: 关于正当防卫的正当化根据，优越利益说、个人保护原理和法确证二元论和法益悬置说均难逃法益衡量的体系桎梏。法权理论内含康德强制权能思想和黑格尔国家理论与道德限制，解释了正当防卫的权利本质，能够为正当防卫提供理论基础，同时合理解释防卫行为的合理限度。根据法权理论构建防卫限度的判断规则，不需遵循狭义性比例原则，应当以有效防卫说为基本立场，进行“行为–结果–因果关系”的递进式判断，从而有效扭转当前防卫过当认定过于宽泛的局面。

Abstract: Regarding the justification basis of justifiable defense, the theory of superior-interest, the principle of self-protection, the principle of legal-confirmation and the theory of suspension of legal benefits cannot escape the shackles of the system of measuring legal benefits. The theory of Recht contains Kant’s idea of coercive power and Hegel’s theory of the state and moral limitations, explains the na-ture of the right to justifiable defense, can provide a theoretical basis for legitimate defense, and reasonably explains the reasonable limits of defensive behavior. To construct a judgment rule on the limit of defense based on the theory of Recht, it is not necessary to follow the principle of narrow proportionality, and the progressive judgment of “behavior-result-causal relationship” should be made from the basic position of effective defense theory, so as to effectively reverse the current sit-uation of excessive defense determination being too broad.