三峡库区蒸发特征及其影响气象要素关系浅析

Analysis of the Relationship between Evaporation Characteristics and Influences of Climate Factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir

摘要: 三峡工程建成后，随着库区水面面积的突然增大，该地区水面蒸发量的参数特征有了明显的改变，因此分析三峡库区的水面蒸发特征，对提高区域水文特征的认识非常有必要。选取三峡库区巴东蒸发站和巴东气象局多年观测成果为对象，分析库区陆上蒸发场蒸发量、气温和水温等观测要素差异及其相关关系发现：陆上水面蒸发量多年平均为852.9 mm，蒸发量随月呈周期性变化，整体呈现出1~8月为上升期，9~12月为下降期；水面蒸发量有明显季节性的特征；蒸发量年际变化较大，极值比为1.27；气温与蒸发的正指数相关较好。

Abstract: After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, with the sudden increase of water surface in the reservoir area, the characteristic parameters of water surface evaporation nearby have changed obviously. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of evaporation in the Three Gorges Reservoir, so as to improve the understanding of regional hydrological characteristics. Based on years of observation in the Reservoir from Badong evaporation station and Badong Meteorological Bureau, the differences between evaporation, air temperature, water temperature and other observations are analyzed. The annual mean water surface evaporation on land is 852.9 mm, and the evaporation varies periodically with month, appearing as an increasing from January to August and a decreasing from September to December. The evaporation of water surface has obvious seasonal characteristics, the inter-annual variation of water evaporation is obviously and the extreme ratio can reach to 1.27. The air temperature has a positive exponential relationship between the land and water evaporation.