探析马克思与马斯洛需要理论的异同

An Analysis of the Similarities and Differences between Marx and Maslow’s Need Theory

摘要: 需要是促进人类社会发展与变革的重要因素，既能发展生产力，又能完善生产关系。满足自身需要不仅可以促使人类本质力量不断显现，而且还能使人类自主掌握世界，在实践中不断解放自我。作为现实存在的人有着丰富的需求，人的本性就是实现自我的过程。人是在需要的生成中实现自我的发展，需要问题作为人的本质问题，无论发展到哪一阶段，都具有非常重要的研究价值。通过对比马克思与马斯洛两者需要理论的异同点，深刻揭示人的本质，探求历史发展演变规律，为全人类自由解放以及自我实现奠定坚实的理论基础。

Abstract: Need is an important factor to promote the development and change of human society, which can not only develop productive forces, but also improve the relations of production. Satisfying one’s own needs can not only promote the emergence of human’s essential power, but also enable people to master the world independently and liberate themselves continuously in practice. As a reality, human beings have abundant needs. Human nature is the process of realizing oneself. Human beings realize self-development in the generation of needs. As the essential problem of human beings, needs have very important research value no matter what stage of development they have reached. By comparing the differences and similarities between Marx’s and Maslow’s theories of need, this paper deeply reveals the nature of human beings, explores the law of historical development and evolution, and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the freedom, liberation and self-realization of mankind.