从英剧《唐顿庄园》看英语称谓语的阶级异同

The Differences and Similarities of English Address Terms between Different Social Classes in Downton Abbey

摘要: 本文从社会语言学视角对英剧《唐顿庄园》中不同阶级的称谓语进行了分析，目的是探究英语称谓语的阶级异同以及阶级这种社会因素同语言变异之间的关系。研究发现：英国上层贵族阶级社会称谓语的阶级特点鲜明，而中下层阶级称谓语并无显著阶级特点；其次，为符合礼节、表达礼貌，在不同场合下，强调不同身份、面对不同听话人时，各个阶层所使用的称谓会相应变化；此外，在一定时代和社会背景下，社会阶级同语言变异之间有着密不可分的联系：称谓语的指称对象凸显了社会阶级这一因素，而社会阶级也对称谓语的使用和选择产生了一定影响。

Abstract: This paper analyzes the address terms of different social classes in Downton Abbey from the perspective of sociolinguistics, aiming to explore the differences and similarities of English address terms between social classes as well as the relationship between social class and language variation. According to the study, the address terms of the upper class have more hierarchical characteristics than those of the middle and lower classes. Secondly, in order to express politeness, people use various address terms to highlight different identities when facing different occasions and listeners. Thirdly, in a certain era and society, social class and language variation have a close relationship, which mainly includes two parts: the referents of address terms reflect social classes, and social class influences the usages of address terms.