滇西北高原地区与黑龙江平原地区二型糖尿病问卷调查分析——以丽江和佳木斯为例

Questionnaire Investigation and Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes in Plateau Area of Northwest Yunnan and Plain Area of Heilongjiang—Taking Lijiang and Jiamusi as Examples

摘要: 目的：通过问卷调查丽江与佳木斯地区二型糖尿病患者的情况，给予正确有效的防治措施。方法：设计调查问卷，主要包括丽江和佳木斯地区二型糖尿病数据调查和危险因素调查两种问卷，并通过寒暑假向两个地区集中发放问卷，并在一定时间内收回问卷，剔除无效问卷。结果：剔除无效问卷后，回收到丽江地区5500人次问卷，其中患有二型糖尿病的有858人次，患病率达15.60%；佳木斯地区5000人次问卷，其中患二型糖尿病的有1075人次，患病率达21.5%；根据二型糖尿病患者的情况，将患病人数分为30~49岁、50~69岁和70岁以上三个层次。其中30~49岁之间丽江地区患病率(24.40%)高于佳木斯地区(11.40%)；而50~69岁之间丽江患病率(53.40%)低于佳木斯地区(59.40%)；70岁以上丽江患病率(22.20%)低于佳木斯地区(29.20%)；通过影响因素来看，其次运动量也有所差别，丽江各年龄段每天运动率总体来大于佳木斯；丽江各年龄段居民吸烟人数和饮酒人数总体要高于佳木斯各年龄段居民；在饮食习惯上丽江居民除了吃辛辣食物多于佳木斯居民外，盐、油、甜食均丽江高于佳木斯；从肥胖角度，佳木斯各年龄段的总体肥胖率要大于丽江的肥胖率；最后，两个地区的二型糖尿病的知晓率、控制率和治疗率都偏低。结论：整体来看佳木斯地区的二型糖尿病患病率要高于丽江地区，可能与饮食习惯、运动量、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒有关。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the situation of type 2 diabetes patients in Lijiang and Jiamusi areas through questionnaires, and to provide correct and effective prevention and treatment measures. Methods: A questionnaire was designed, which mainly included the data survey of type 2 diabetes and the risk factors survey in Lijiang and Jiamusi regions. The questionnaires were distributed to the two regions through the winter and summer vacations, and the questionnaires were withdrawn within a certain period of time, and invalid questionnaires were eliminated. Results: After eliminating invalid questionnaires, 5500 questionnaires were returned to Lijiang, including 858 people with type 2 diabetes, with a prevalence rate of 15.60%; In Jiamusi area, there are 5000 questionnaires, 1075 of which have type 2 diabetes, with a prevalence rate of 21.5%; According to the situation of type 2 diabetes patients, the number of patients is divided into three levels: 30~49 years old, 50~69 years old and over 70 years old. Among them, the prevalence rate in Lijiang area (24.40%) between 30 and 49 years old is higher than that in Jiamusi area (11.40%); The prevalence rate of Lijiang (53.40%) between 50 and 69 years old was lower than that of Jiamusi (59.40%); The prevalence rate of Lijiang over 70 years old (22.20%) is lower than that of Jiamusi (29.20%); From the perspective of influencing factors, the amount of exercise is also different. The daily exercise rate of Lijiang at all ages is generally higher than that of Jiamusi; The number of smokers and drinkers in Lijiang is higher than that in Jiamusi; In terms of eating habits, Lijiang residents eat more spicy food than Jiamusi residents, while salt, oil and sweet food are higher in Lijiang than in Jiamusi; From the perspective of obesity, the overall obesity rate of Jiamusi at all ages is higher than that of Lijiang; Finally, the awareness rate, control rate and treatment rate of type 2 diabetes in the two regions are low. Conclusion: Overall, the prev-alence of type 2 diabetes in Jiamusi is higher than that in Lijiang, which may be related to diet, ex-ercise, obesity, smoking and drinking.