反应抑制对老年人情绪注意加工中积极效应的影响——来自脑电时频分析的证据

Effect of Response Inhibition on the Positive Effect of Emotional Attention Processing in the Elderly—Evidence from Time-Frequency Analysis of EEG

摘要: 目的：考察反应抑制影响老年人情绪注意加工中积极效应的神经机制。方法：采用横断面研究，选取25名社区健康老年人作为老年组，另选性别和教育程度相匹配的27名大学生作为年轻组。本研究利用情绪面孔Go/No-go点探测变式任务，结合脑电数据，考察两组被试神经心理学测验成绩、行为反应和脑电数据的差异。结果：行为学指标显示，老年组在注意力数字划消测验、算术和数字广度任务中的得分显著低于年轻组(Ps < 0.05)，并且反应时显著长于年轻组(P < 0.05)。时频分析结果显示，老年组左半球在高兴条件下Delta和Beta频段的能量值显著高于年轻组(Ps < 0.05)，而在恐惧条件下的组间差异则不具有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。在No-go条件下，恐惧图片在老年组左半球电极位置诱发的Theta波能量值显著高于年轻组(P < 0.05)；同时，在Go条件下，老年组左侧前额叶电极由高兴条件诱发的Theta频段能量值显著高于年轻组(P < 0.05)。此外，老年组前额叶的Delta和Theta频段的锁相程度均显著高于顶叶(Ps < 0.05)。结论：老年人前额叶神经振荡的锁相程度代偿性增强；当认知资源充足时，老年人的神经振荡强度在愉悦性条件下高于年轻人，表现出积极效应；而当认知资源匮乏时，老年人的神经振荡强度则在威胁性条件下高于年轻人，情绪注意加工中的积极效应消失。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the neural mechanism of response inhibition on the positive effect of emotional attention processing in the elderly. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 25 healthy elderly people in the community were selected as the elderly group, and 27 college students matched in gender and education were selected as the young group. In this study, the emotional face Go/No-go point detection variant task was used to combine EEG data to investigate the dif-ferences in neuropsychological test scores, behavioral responses and EEG data between the two groups. Results: Behavioural indicators illustrated that the older group scored significantly lower than the younger group on the Attentional Number Cancellation Test, Arithmetic and Number Span tasks (Ps < 0.05), and the response time was significantly longer than the younger group (P < 0.05). The results of time-frequency analysis showed that the energy values of Delta and Beta bands in the left hemisphere of the elderly group were significantly higher than those of the young group under happy condition (Ps < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups under fear condition (P > 0.05). Under the No-go condition, fear pictures evoked significantly higher theta wave energy values in the left hemisphere electrode position in the elderly group than in the young group (P < 0.05). At the same time, under Go condition, the Theta band energy evoked by happy condition in the left prefrontal electrode in the elderly group was significantly higher than that in the young group (P < 0.05). In addition, the degree of phase locking in the Delta and Theta bands in the prefrontal lobe was significantly higher than that in the parietal lobe (Ps < 0.05). Conclusion: The phase locking degree of prefrontal nerve oscillation was compensatory enhanced in the elderly. When the cognitive resources were sufficient, the intensity of nerve oscillation in the elderly was higher than that in the young under the pleasurable condition, showing a positive effect. However, when cognitive resources were relatively scarce, the intensity of neural oscillation in the elderly is higher than that in the young under the threatening condition, and the positive effect in emotional attention processing disappeared.