合伙事务执行的对外关系

External Relations in the Execution of Partnership Affairs

摘要: 目前合伙事务执行的对外关系理论来源还未明晰，反而造成合伙事务执行中权利归属与利益归属不确定、善意相对人保护范围不清晰、执行职务过程中侵害他人权益时的责任承担不明晰以及民事合伙诉讼能力问题繁杂等。对此，应厘清理论来源，将商事合伙的理论来源明确为代表制度，民事合伙的理论来源明确为代理制度。且不同制度之下，以不同名义对外执行合伙事务，将对善意第三人产生不同效果。合伙事务执行中如果产生侵权事实，责任的承担也应进行区分，商事合伙中原则上应将侵权责任归属于组织体，而民事合伙则一般由执行人个人承担侵权责任。民事合伙在诉讼中不以是否起字号为确定诉讼当事人的唯一标准，诉讼当事人为全体合伙人，但可推选诉讼代表人以参加诉讼。

Abstract: At present, the theoretical source of external relations in the execution of partnership affairs is not clear, which leads to the uncertainty of the ownership of rights and interests in the execution of partnership affairs, the unclear scope of protection of bona fide counterpart, the unclear responsibility when the rights and interests of others are infringed in the execution of duties, and the complicated problems of litigation capacity of civil partnership. In this regard, the theoretical source should be clarified, and the theoretical source of commercial partnership should be defined as representative system, and the theoretical source of civil partnership should be defined as agency system. And under different systems, the execution of partnership affairs in different names will have different effects on the bona fide third party. If there is a tort in the execution of partnership affairs, the liability should also be distinguished. In principle, the tort liability should belong to the organization, while in civil partnership, the executor is generally responsible for the tort liability. In a civil partnership, the sole criterion for determining the litigants shall not be whether the name is used or not. The litigants shall be all the partners, but representatives may be elected to participate in the litigation.