从有机废料中回收铑的工艺研究工作的进展
Recent Developments on Processes for Recovery of Rhodium Metal from Organic Waste
DOI: 10.12677/HJCET.2023.134031, PDF,   
作者: 张雨辰, 李 贺, 米春冬, 张千峰：安徽工业大学分子工程与应用化学研究所，安徽 马鞍山
关键词: 铑；回收；火法冶金；湿法冶金；Rhodium； Recovery； Pyrometallurgical； Hydrometallurgical
摘要: 铑催化剂由于其独特且高价值的性质而在许多重要的工业和技术应用中起着不可或缺的作用。目前，由于铑资源的逐渐枯竭、环境保护的压力以及市场价格的居高不下，寻找新的前景已经成为一个迫切的问题。因此，从含铑废液中回收铑催化剂具有重要意义。本文系统介绍了从铑废料中回收铑金属的方法，比较了当前几种回收工艺的优缺点。目前常见的回收工艺包括火法冶金、湿法冶金。其中，火法冶金工艺在工业中广泛用于从废催化剂中提取贵金属，其工艺简单，不需要额外的化学添加剂，回收率高。但硬件设备要求较高，高能耗的同时还伴随着环境污染。而湿法冶金工艺技术简单、成本低，但由于其在不溶性残余物中的高残留铑和浸出的不稳定，总体回收率较低。目前，铑的回收发展需要进一步优化现有的回收工艺，同时开发高效清洁的新工艺。
Abstract: Rhodium catalysts play an integral role in many important industrial and technological applications due to their unique and valuable properties. Currently, discovering new prospects has become a pressing issue as a result of the gradual depletion of rhodium resources, environmental protection pressures, and high market prices. Therefore, it is of great significance to recover rhodium catalysts from organic waste containing rhodium. This article systematically introduces the methods of recovering rhodium metal from rhodium waste, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of several current recovery processes. Common recycling processes include pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Among them, the pyrometallurgical process is widely used in industry to extract precious metals from spent catalysts due to its technological simplic-ity, no chemical additives required, and high recovery rate. However, the related processes have high hardware equipment requirements, consume a significant amount of energy, and contribute to environmental pollution. In contrast, the hydrometallurgical process is simple in technology and low in cost, but its overall recovery is low due to its high residual rhodium in the insoluble residue and unstable leaching. At present, the development of rhodium recovery requires further optimization of the existing recovery process and the development of new processes with high efficiency and cleanliness.
文章引用：张雨辰, 李贺, 米春冬, 张千峰. 从有机废料中回收铑的工艺研究工作的进展[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2023, 13(4): 270-282. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJCET.2023.134031

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