惠农区1981~2020年风气候特征分析研究

Analysis and Research of Wind Climate Characteristics in Huinong District from 1981 to 2020

摘要: 本文作者分析了惠农国家气象观测站1981~2020年的风气候特征。根据统计分析得出，1981~2020年惠农区2分钟平均风速、10分钟平均最大风速、极大风速均呈明显下降趋势，气候倾向率分别为−0.30 (m∙s⁻¹)/10a、−2.69 (m∙s⁻¹)/10a、−2.83 (m∙s⁻¹)/10a；通过6阶多项式拟合曲线分析方法得出惠农区年平均风速的变化趋势为波动下降–快速增长–快速下降–波动增长–波动下降；累计距平分析显示，年平均风速总体呈现先增加后下降的趋势。惠农区平均大风日数为38.4 d，大风日数以8.96 d/10a的趋势减少，尤其以2004年之后减少趋势明显；通过风向的风玫瑰图分析，得出惠农区全年盛行风向以北西北风为主，风向频率为8.4%；春冬季盛行风向主要以偏北风为主，夏秋季盛行风向主要以偏南风为主。

Abstract: The authors of this article analyze the wind climate characteristics of Huinong National Meteorological Observation Station from 1981 to 2020. According to the statistical analysis, the 2-minute average wind speed, 10-minute average maximum wind speed and maximum wind speed in Huinong District showed an obvious downward trend during 1981~2020. The climate tendency rates were −0.30 (m∙s⁻¹)/10a, −2.69 (m∙s⁻¹)/10a and −2.83 (m∙s⁻¹)/10a, respectively. According to the sixth-order polynomial fitting curve analysis method, the variation trend of annual mean wind speed in Huinong District is as follows: fluctuation decline-rapid growth-rapid decline-fluctuation growth-fluctuation decline. The cumulative anomaly analysis shows that the average annual wind speed increases first and then decreases. The average gale days in Huinong District are 38.4 days, and the gale days decrease with the trend of 8.96 d/10a, especially after 2004. Through the analysis of the wind rose diagram of wind direction, it is concluded that the prevailing wind direction in Huinong District is mainly north-northwest wind, and the wind direction frequency is 8.4%. The prevailing wind direction is mainly northerly in spring and winter, and southerly in summer and autumn.