机床主轴机构模态和振动特性分析与主轴径向回转误测试方法的研究

Study on Analysis of Modal and Vibration Characteristics and Test Method of Radial Rotation Error of Machine Tool Spindle

摘要: 本文以一特定机床主轴作为研究对象，首先利用传递矩阵法对主轴的参数进行确定、简化轴承等模型，使用有限元法对主轴模型进行带预应力的模态仿真。随后，本文使用垂直两点法测试了多组不同转速下的主轴回转误，并使用频域两点法对误差进行分离计算得到同步误差和异步误差。结果显示，由异步误差异常高导致的回转误差异常高转速区间的转速基频与模态分析结果的第一、四、五阶模态频率相对应。为提高机床主轴的精度和稳定性提供理论依据和实验基础。

Abstract: In this article, a specific machine tool spindle is used as the research object. First, the transfer ma-trix method is used to determine the parameters of the spindle, simplify the bearing and other models, and the finite element method is used to perform modal simulation of the spindle model with prestress. Subsequently, this paper used the vertical two-point method to test the rotation er-rors of multiple sets of spindles at different speeds, and used the frequency domain two-point method to separate the errors and calculate the synchronization error and asynchronous error. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the rotation speed interval of the abnormally high rotation error caused by the abnormally high asynchronous error corresponds to the first, fourth, and fifth-order modal frequencies of the modal analysis results. It provides a theoretical basis and an experimental basis for improving the accuracy and stability of the machine tool spindle.