长期护理保险对家庭代际支持的影响——基于CLHLS数据的实证分析

The Impact of Long-Term Care Insurance on Family Intergenerational Support—An Empirical Analysis Based on CLHLS Data

摘要: 随着我国进入老龄化时代，养老问题已经成为社会关注的焦点。作为积极应对老龄化的制度安排，长护险是否影响家庭代际支持尚有待讨论。本文基于2014年和2018年的中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据(CLHLS)，将代际支持划分成情感支持、照料支持和经济支持，通过倾向匹配得分–双重差分(PSM-DID)、多元线性回归以及二元logistic模型，探讨长期护理保险政策实施对代际支持的影响。研究发现，长护险对经济、照料与情感支持均有显著的影响，对情感和照料支持的影响为正向的，而对经济支持的影响为负向的；农村老年人与无配偶的老年人在代际支持的三个维度均更为显著；不同性别的老年人在经济与照料支持上不存在显著差异，在情感支持上对女性的影响更为显著。这些结论对应对人口老龄化、促进代际关系和谐，并进一步完善长期护理保险制度具有重要启示意义。

Abstract: As our country enters the aging era, the pension issue has become the focus of social attention. As an institutional arrangement to actively cope with aging, whether long-term care insurance will affect the intergenerational support of families remains to be discussed. Based on the data from the 2014 and 2018 CLHLS surveys, this paper divides intergenerational support into emotional support, caregiving support and financial support, and uses propensity matching score-differential (PSM-DID), multiple linear regression and binary logistic models to explore the effect of long-term care insurance policy implementation on intergenerational support. The results show that long term care insurance has significant effects on economy, caregiving and emotional support. The impact on emotional and caregiving support is positive, while the impact on economic support is negative. The three dimensions of intergenerational support are more significant in rural elderly and unmarried elderly. There is no significant difference in the economic and nursing support of the elderly of different genders, and the impact of emotional support on women is more significant. These conclusions have important implications for coping with population aging, promoting harmonious intergenerational relations, and further improving the long-term care insurance system.