健康老龄化视角下农村老龄人口医疗服务和健康改善探析

Analysis on Medical Services and Health Improvement of Rural Elderly Population from the Perspective of Healthy Aging

摘要: 目前，中国人口老龄化趋势不断加深，人口老龄化带来的一系列社会保障问题不容忽视。2022年，全国60岁及以上人口已超2.64亿，其中1.21亿多人是农村常住人口，农村老龄化水平超全国老龄化平均水平5.1%。而农村老年人在医疗获得、医疗服务以及健康改善方面的条件却远不如城市老年人，医疗服务人力和物料短缺、医疗基础设施薄弱、初级保健缺乏宣传和制度保障等问题限制着农村医疗水平的发展，同时也极大影响着中国农村老龄人口的医疗服务和健康水平。本文从健康老龄化的视角出发，通过分析中国农村老龄人口医疗服务的现状，归纳总结了影响老年人医疗服务水平的因素，提出了农村老龄化健康教育、扩大医疗服务供给、互联网 + 医疗服务体系建设以及完善农村兜底性医疗救助制度几个方面的改善措施。

Abstract: At present, China’s population aging trend is deepening, population aging brings a series of social security problems that can not be ignored. In 2022, there were more than 264 million people aged 60 or above in China, of whom 121 million were permanent rural residents. The aging population in rural areas exceeded the national average by 5.1 percent. However, the conditions of the elderly in rural areas in terms of access to medical care, medical services and health improvement are far inferior to those of the elderly in urban areas. Problems such as shortage of medical service manpower and materials, weak medical infrastructure, lack of publicity and institutional guarantee of primary health care limit the development of the medical level in rural areas, and also greatly affect the medical services and health level of the elderly population in rural China. From the perspective of healthy aging, through the analysis of the current situation of medical services for the elderly population in China’s rural areas, this paper summarizes the factors affecting the level of medical services for the elderly, and puts forward several improvement measures in the aspects of health education for the elderly in rural areas, expanding the supply of medical services, the construction of the Internet + medical service system and improving the rural medical assistance system.