考洲洋入海口邻近海域海水中重金属的分布特征及生态风险初探

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Seawater near the Estuary of the Kaozhou Ocean

摘要: 本文对2022年春秋两季考洲洋入海口邻近海域海水进行生态环境监测，利用算术均值多因子指数法和风险熵评价法研究海水中重金属的污染现状与生态评价。结果显示：考洲洋入海口邻近海域海水质量整体良好，海水中6种重金属含量符合第二类标准。算术均值多因子指数法结果显示，调查海域海水污染级别为清洁，春秋两季站位5海水中Cu、Pb含量均最高。风险熵评价法结果显示，Pb的风险熵远小于0.1，生态风险较低；As、Cu对海洋生物具有明显的生态风险，需要引起关注。Pearson分析显示，海水中Cd与Hg具有相同或相似的来源，盐度显著作用于Cd元素分布。

Abstract: In this paper, the ecological environment monitoring of seawater in the estuary of Kaozhou Ocean was conducted in the spring and autumn of 2022. The pollution status and ecological assessment of heavy metals in seawater were studied by means of arithmetic mean multi-factor index method and risk entropy evaluation method. The results show that the sea water quality of the sea water in the estuary of the Kaozhou Ocean is good, and the content of 6 kinds of heavy metals in the sea water meets the second class standard. The results of arithmetic mean multifactor index method show that the pollution level of sea water is clean, and the contents of Cu and Pb in sea water at station 5 are the highest in spring and autumn. The results of risk entropy evaluation method show that the risk entropy of Pb is much less than 0.1, and the ecological risk is low. As and Cu have obvious ecological risks to Marine organisms and need to be paid attention to. Pearson analysis showed that Cd and Hg had the same or similar sources in seawater, and salinity significantly affected the distribution of Cd elements.