我国未成年人个人信息保护中监护人同意规则研究

Research on Guardian Consent Rules in the Protection of Minors’ Personal Information in China

摘要: 大数据时代，互联网、云计算、人工智能技术的不断发展，在便利生活的同时，也对公民的个人信息构成巨大威胁。贩卖公民个人信息、非法收集面部信息以及网络经营者对公民个人信息的滥用已经屡见不鲜。随着相关法律的出台，公民的个人信息得到一定保护，但是，对于未成年人的保护仍有待加强。未成年人，作为一个特殊的群体，由于其存在特殊性和脆弱性，更容易遭受外界的不法侵害，未成年人的个人信息保护面临着巨大的挑战。未成年人的人格尊严受法律保护，个人信息自决权也依法受到保护。我国仍处于起步阶段，年龄界定、监护人同意、第三方数据主体规制以及监管模式等方面还有待进一步明确。结合该领域的最新立法，如欧盟《一般数据保护条例》(GDPR)、美国《儿童网络隐私保护法》(COPPA)，与中国信息保护的实践，坚持最有利于未成年人原则，在保护的同时尽最大限度地保障未成年人个人权利，通过对监护人同意制度进一步细化和完善，明确监护人责任、国家义务以及行业责任，多方协同，形成社会合力，更好地实现未成年人利益最大化，为未成年人的成长与发展保驾护航。

Abstract: In the era of big data, the continuous development of the Internet, cloud computing and artificial intelligence technologies not only facilitates life, but also poses a great threat to citizens’ personal information. Selling citizens’ personal information, illegal collection of facial information and abuse of citizens’ personal information by network operators are already common. With the introduction of relevant laws, citizens’ personal information has been protected to some extent, but the protection of minors still needs to be strengthened. Minors, as a special group, are more vulnerable to illegal infringement from the outside world due to their particularity and vulnerability, and the protection of their personal information is facing great challenges. The personal dignity of minors is protected by law, and the right to self-determination of personal information is also protected according to law. China is still in its infancy, and the age definition, guardian consent, third-party data subject regulation and supervision mode need to be further clarified. Combined with the latest legislation in the field, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), and the practice of Chinese information protection, we adhere to the principle of being in the best interests of minors. At the same time of protection, the legal rights of minors should be guaranteed to the greatest extent. Through the further refinement and improvement of the guardian consent system, clear guardian responsibility, national obligations and industry responsibility, multilateral synergy, form social force, better maximize the interests of minors, for the growth and development of minors.