哈尔滨市冬季空气质量与天气要素的关系

Relationship between Winter Air Quality and Weather Elements in Harbin

摘要: 本文以2020年哈尔滨市冬季空气质量指数及对应的天气要素为依据，采用相关分析和回归分析详细阐述了空气质量指数(AQI)的变化趋势及其与天气要素的关系。结果表明：哈尔滨市2020年冬季空气质量整体呈先下降再上升趋势，从月份角度来看，1月份空气污染最为严重，并且AQI分布较分散，整体起伏明显；2月与12月AQI大幅度下降，空气状况明显好转，且稳定性较高。从星期周期来看，哈尔滨市空气质量存在一定的周末效应，周六和周日的AQI相较于工作日明显升高。相关分析结果显示，平均相对湿度与AQI呈显著正相关，平均风速、平均气温与AQI呈显著负相关，气压与AQI无明显相关关系。由回归分析结果可以看出污染物和风速呈负相关，受气温、湿度和气压的影响较小。

Abstract: Based on the air quality index (AQI) and the corresponding weather elements in the winter of 2020 in Harbin City, this paper elaborates on the trend of AQI and its relationship with the weather elements using correlation and regression analyses. The results show that the overall air quality in Harbin City in the winter of 2020 showed a downward and then upward trend, from the perspective of the month, the air pollution in January is the most serious, and the distribution of the AQI is more dispersed, and the overall ups and downs are obvious; the AQI in February and December declined greatly, and the air condition improved significantly, and the stability is high. In terms of the weekly cycle, there is a certain weekend effect on air quality in Harbin, with AQIs on Saturdays and Sundays significantly higher compared to weekdays. The results of correlation analysis show that the average relative humidity is significantly positively correlated with the AQI, the average wind speed and the average air temperature are significantly negatively correlated with the AQI, and there is no significant correlation between the barometric pressure and the AQI. From the regression analysis results, it can be seen that pollu-tants and wind speed are negatively correlated and less affected by air temperature, humidity and barometric pressure.