基于GIS的两江新区幼儿教育资源均衡性分析

Analysis of the Equilibrium of Early Childhood Education Resources in Liangjiang New Area Based on GIS

摘要: 近年来，从国家到地方层面日益增强对幼儿园空间布局的重视，如何解决空间布局与适龄人口的均衡性问题是教育资源合理布局的关键。该研究以重庆市两江新区为例，在构建两江新区幼儿园空间数据库的基础上，借助GIS软件采用泰森多边形分析方法、标准差椭圆分析方法识别服务区及空间分布，在获取各服务区人口数据基础上开展均衡性分析。结果显示：两江新区幼儿园呈带状集中分布在大石坝街道–双凤桥街道区域，公办幼儿园仅占民办幼儿园数量的1/5；两江新区幼儿园分布总特征是公办分散、民办集聚；两江新区幼儿园分布的重心在鸳鸯街道和回兴街道交界处的中心，分布的主要方向是“西南–东北方向”；双湖街道、人和街道、石马河街道等区域的均衡性较差，需不断优化全区的幼儿园布局。该研究认为，应加大幼儿园布局调整，提升公办幼儿园比例和提升均衡性。该研究从空间规划角度探索了解决当前学前教育所面临的困境的办法，有利于促进学前教育资源的公平，为重庆市幼儿园空间布局优化提供建议。

Abstract: In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the spatial layout of kindergartens from the national and local levels. How to solve the balance between the spatial layout and the school-age population is the key to the rational distribution of educational resources. Taking Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing as an example, based on the construction of the spatial database of kindergartens in Liangjiang New Area, the study uses the Tyson polygon analysis method and the standard deviation ellipse analysis method to identify the service areas and spatial distribution based on GIS software, and carries out the balance analysis based on the population data of each service area. The results show that kindergartens in Liangjiang New Area are distributed in a belt-like manner in the area of Dashiba sub-district-Shuangfengqiao sub-district. Public kindergartens only account for 1/5 of the number of private kindergartens; the general characteristics of the distribution of kindergartens in Liangjiang New Area are that the public-run kindergartens are scattered and the private-run kindergartens are concentrated; the distribution center of kindergartens in Liangjiang New Area is at the junction of Yuanyang sub-district and Huixing sub-district, and the main distribution direction is Southwest-Northeast direction; the balance of Shuanghu sub-district, Renhe sub-district and Shimahe sub-district is poor, and the kindergarten layout of the whole district needs to be continuously optimized. The study suggests that the layout of kindergartens should be adjusted to increase the proportion of public kindergartens and enhance the balance. The research explores the solutions to the difficulties faced by preschool education from the perspective of spatial planning, which is con-ducive to promoting the fairness of preschool education resources and providing suggestions for the optimization of the spatial layout of kindergartens in Chongqing.