“双减”政策下中小学校外培训市场主体四方演化博弈分析

Analysis of the Four-Party Evolutionary Game of Primary and Secondary School Out-of-School Training Market Entities under the “Double Reduction” Policy

摘要: 教育是国之大计。我国中小学教育阶段的学业负担过重问题一直受到关注，教育部针对此问题发布了多项减负政策。2021年的“双减”政策，将校外培训机构的纠偏推向了公众视野。然而，“双减”政策的目标更广泛，旨在建设高质量的教育体系，构建优良的教育生态，落实立德树人的任务。本文基于演化博弈理论，构建了一个包含地方政府、学校、培训机构和家庭等四个主体的策略演化模型。结果表明，要实现“双减”的目标，需要降低地方政府监管成本并保持政策力度，引导培训机构转型，培养健康的教育文化，以及降低学校提质的成本，探索社会评价作为评估学校的依据。

Abstract: Education is extremely important for a nation. The issue of excessive academic burden in China’s primary and secondary education stages has always been a focus of attention, and multiple burden-reducing policies have been issued by the Ministry of Education in response. The “Double Reduction” policy of 2021 brought the rectification of extracurricular training institutions into public view. However, the objectives of the “Double Reduction” policy are broader, aiming to build a high-quality education system, establish a good educational ecosystem, and implement the fundamental task of moral education. This paper, based on evolutionary game theory, constructs a strategy evolution model that includes four main bodies: local governments, schools, training institutions, and families. The results show that to achieve the goals of the “Double Reduction” policy, it is necessary to reduce the regulatory costs of local governments while maintaining policy intensity, guide training institutions in their transformation, cultivate a healthy education culture, and reduce the cost of quality improvement for schools, exploring social evaluation as an important basis for the administrative education department’s assessment of schools.