基于DEA的我国纯电动汽车制造业上市公司经营绩效评价

DEA-Based Evaluation of Operating Performance of Listed Companies in China’s Pure Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Industry

摘要: 本文选取我国4家纯电动汽车制造上市公司2018~2020年财务数据作为研究样本，建立了我国纯电动汽车制造上市公司绩效评价DEA模型，实证分析了我国纯电动汽车制造上市公司的经营绩效。研究结果表明：中国纯电动汽车制造商上市公司整体研发投入水平较高，但仍有较大提升空间，主要表现在技术水平、技术进步和设备生产工艺上，同时也存在纯技术非效率和规模非效率现象；在此基础上，对这几家公司进行横向对比，发现其经营绩效差距较大。我国纯电动汽车行业起步较晚，市场集中度较低，竞争较为激烈。我国纯电动车制造业上市公司的研发投入得到国家政策的支持，但资源使用效率不高，且存在着规模扩张不尽合理的现象，制约着企业经营绩效的提高。最后基于实证结果给出了相应建议。

Abstract: This paper selects the 2018~2020 financial data of my country’s four pure electric vehicle manufacturing listed companies as research samples, establishes a performance evaluation DEA model for my country’s pure electric vehicle manufacturing listed companies, and empirically analyzes the operating performance of my country’s pure electric vehicle manufacturing listed companies. The research results show that the overall R & D investment level of listed companies of Chinese pure electric vehicle manufacturers is relatively high, but there is still a lot of room for improvement, which is mainly reflected in the technical level, technological progress and equipment production process, and there are also pure technical non-efficiency and scale. Non-efficiency phenomenon; on this basis, a horizontal comparison of these companies is carried out, and it is found that there is a large gap in their operating performance. My country’s pure electric vehicle industry started late, the market concentration is low, and the competition is relatively fierce. The research and development investment of listed companies in my country’s pure electric vehicle manufacturing industry is supported by national policies, but the efficiency of resource use is not high, and there is an unreasonable scale expansion, which restricts the improvement of business performance. Finally, some suggestions are given based on the empirical results.