基于双向期权的多级供应链应急物资储备研究

Multi-Level Supply Chain Emergency Reverse Based on Bidirectional Option Contract

摘要: 针对政企联合储备应急物资研究中，需求不确定和残值问题造成较高的成本风险和物资浪费问题，提出基于双向期权契约的多级供应链应急储备模型。首先基于政企联合储备引入双向期权契约降低物资需求模糊和政府储备的保质期风险，增加代储企业合作机制缓解企业代储和处理物资的压力，以政府成本最小化和企业利润最大化为目标函数构建多级应急物资储备模型。之后对政企合作下实现采供数量、利润协调的期权执行补贴等参数进行可行范围约束，得到多级供应链下协调各方成本/利润的柔性机制。最终进行模拟与仿真发现，在一定条件下该模型降低了政府和企业的储备压力，提高了社会协同参与储备的保障水平，为建立多方协同的应急储备体系提供了相关的理论依据。

Abstract: In current research on government-enterprise joint reserve, fuzzy material demand and residual value result in high-cost risk and material waste, so a multi-level supply chain emergency reserve model based on a bidirectional option contract was proposed. Firstly, the bidirectional option con-tract was introduced based on the government-enterprise joint reserve to reduce material demand uncertainty and the shelf-life risk. The cooperation mechanism of agent storage enterprises was in-creased to relieve storage and disposal pressure, and a multi-level emergency material reserve model was constructed by minimizing government costs and maximizing corporate profits. After that, to achieve procurement and supply quantity and profit coordination under the cooperation between government and enterprise, the feasible range of parameters such as option exercise sub-sidy was restricted, a flexible mechanism to coordinate cost/profit of all parties under the mul-ti-level supply chain was obtained. Finally, numerical simulation shows that under certain condi-tions, the model reduces the pressure on government and enterprises to reserve, enhances the guarantee level of social cooperative participation in the reserve, and provides relevant theoretical basis for establishing multi-party cooperative emergency reserve system.