随机振动条件下的电池架的响应分析

Response Analysis of the Battery Box Bottom under Random Vibration Conditions

摘要: 为提高电动汽车电气结构在振动载荷下的安全性和可靠性，本研究建立了电池架的三维有限元模型。采用ANSYS软件，按GJB 150.16-86标准对模型在三个正交方向(纵向的X轴、横向的Y轴和垂直的Z轴)进行随机振动仿真分析。结果显示：在X轴和Y轴方向，电池架变形很小，不超过0.2毫米，说明其在这两个方向具有良好的刚性；在Z轴方向，电池架的变形相对较大，达到5毫米左右，但预示装填电池后其刚性会得到增强并减小变形；经历随机振动后，电池架的最大应力为3.57兆帕，远远低于材料的屈服极限，证实了电池架结构的完整性。综上结果表明，该电池架设计满足了强度和耐久性要求，确保了其结构在随机振动条件下的可靠性，为电动汽车电气系统的安全性提供保障。本研究建立的模型和方法可推广应用于其他电池系统的动力学分析与评估。

Abstract: In order to improve the safety and reliability of electric vehicle electrical structures under vibration loads, this study established a three-dimensional finite element model of the battery frame. Using ANSYS software, the model was subjected to random vibration simulation analysis in three orthog-onal directions (longitudinal X-axis, lateral Y-axis, and vertical Z-axis) according to the GJB 150.16-86 standard. The results showed that: in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the deformation of the battery frame was very small, no more than 0.2 mm, indicating good rigidity in these two direc-tions; in the Z-axis direction, the deformation of the battery frame was relatively large, reaching around 5 mm, but this implied its rigidity would be enhanced and deformation reduced after bat-teries were loaded; after random vibration, the maximum stress on the battery frame was 3.57 MPa, far below the material’s yield limit, confirming the integrity of the frame structure. In summary, these results demonstrate that the battery frame design meets the strength and durability re-quirements, ensuring structural reliability under random vibration conditions and safeguarding the safety of electric vehicle electrical systems. The model and methodology established in this study can be extended to the dynamic analysis and evaluation of other battery systems.