理想、模式与内在矛盾——解析美国19世纪的乌托邦怀旧潮

Ideal, Pattern and Inner Ambivalence—Interpreting the Boom of American Utopias in the Nineteenth-Century from the Perspective of Nostalgia

摘要: 本文从怀旧认知理论入手，并结合乌托邦与怀旧两大概念的深入联系，对美国十九世纪的乌托邦共同体实验进行剖析，审视乌托邦共同体实验背后的演变机制和怀旧性建构，并结合社会历史语境揭示美国十九世纪乌托邦怀旧潮的失败原因和背后的文化悖论。论文旨在讨论这些心怀不满的改革家们是如何在不利的现实环境中，尝试构建温馨纽带，重建人际团结和归属感，与主流社会话语交锋却最终失败，进而加深对美国十九世纪乌托邦怀旧潮的理解，管窥美国社会文化中的价值取向。

Abstract: In the light of latest cognitive theory of nostalgia and in-depth connection between utopia and nostalgia, this thesis interprets the major utopian communal experimentation in the 19th-centrury America and examines the evolutionary mechanisms and nostalgic construction of them, expecting to analyse the reasons for the failure of these utopian communities and American cultural ambivalence behind them. It explores how these disaffected reformers tried to build warm social bonds, interpersonal solidarity and the sense of belonging in an unfavorable reality, but ultimately failed in the progress of engaging with the dominant social discourse. In this way, it contributes to deepening the understanding of the nineteenth-century utopian communities in the United States and gets a glimpse into the values in American society and culture.