“双减”政策何以效果有限？基于重庆市Y区的案例研究

Why is the “Double Reduction” Policy Ineffective? Based on a Case Study of District Y of Chongqing

摘要: “双减”政策致力于根治学生负担过重问题。但政策实施两年多以来，社会反响强烈，政策效果面临公众广泛质疑，既有研究也存在对政策有效性的争议。因此，科学回答“政策实施效果怎么样”、“什么因素影响了政策效果”、“如何进一步提升政策效果”三个问题具有重要的实践价值和理论意义。本文基于重庆市Y区的实践案例，运用模糊综合评价方法对“双减”政策效果进行科学评估，综合评估结果仅为63.14分，说明“双减”政策的总体实施效果有限。进一步利用扎根理论方法深入挖掘影响政策效果的关键因素，构建了“政策环境–执行结构”二维解释框架，研究发现，“双减”政策效果未能充分显现本质上不是执行结构的问题，而是政策环境的问题。最后，结合效果评估和影响因素分析结果，本文提出了优化“双减”政策执行的具体建议。

Abstract: The “double reduction” policy is committed to curing the problem of overburdened students. However, since the implementation of the policy for more than two years, the social response has been strong, and the effect of the policy has been widely questioned by the public, and there are both research and controversy about the effectiveness of the policy. Therefore, it is of great practical value and theoretical significance to scientifically answer the three questions of “what is the effect of policy implementation”, “what factors affect the effect of policy” and “how to further improve the effect of policy”. Based on the case of District Y in Chongqing, this paper uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to scientifically evaluate the effect of the “double reduction” policy, and the comprehensive evaluation result is 63.14 points, indicating that the overall implementation effect of the “double reduction” policy is limited. Furthermore, the grounded theory method is used to dig deep into the key factors affecting the policy effect, and the two-dimensional explanatory framework of “policy environment-implementation structure” is constructed. Finally, combined with the results of effect evaluation and influencing factor analysis, this paper puts forward specific suggestions for optimizing the implementation of the “double reduction” policy.