小空间彰显大关爱：母婴室关爱落地困境现状调查——以重庆市中心城区公共场所为例

Small Space Manifests Great Care: A Survey on the Current Situation of Nursing Room Care Landing Dilemma—A Case Study of Public Places in Chongqing Municipality

摘要: 支持母乳喂养、重视母婴设施建设的需求、保障母婴权益，是积极营造生育友好的社会环境的必然要求。本研究基于重庆市中心城区公共场所采集的问卷调查数据结合实地观察，识别重庆市中心城区公共母婴室建设困境，构建优化路径。结果表明：① 重庆市中心城区母婴室内部设施配置较为随意，设施水平有待提高，不同公共场所的配置以自主性建设为主，缺乏对建设标准的严格管理和执行；② 家长在遭遇突发情况最为注重的便是快捷、方便以及隐蔽，因此母婴室是携婴者在公共场所解决突发情况首选；③ 重庆市中心城区育儿妇女对“医院”内母婴室的需求程度最高，其次是“公园”、再次是“地铁站”、“游乐场所”和“商场”；④ 哺乳是重庆中心城区携婴者使用母婴室的主要目的，不易寻找是导致携婴者不使用母婴室的最主要原因；⑤ 重庆市中心城区母婴室总体使用率高，但体验感欠佳，应增加功能要求，满足携婴需求且应具有清晰明确的标识提示信息。

Abstract: Supporting breastfeeding, paying attention to the demand for the construction of mother and baby facilities, and safeguarding the rights and interests of mothers and babies are inevitable requirements for actively creating a birth-friendly social environment. Based on the questionnaire data collected from public places in central Chongqing and field observations, this study identifies the difficulties in the construction of public mother and baby rooms in central Chongqing and constructs an optimisation path. The results show that: ① The configuration of internal facilities of mother and baby rooms in central Chongqing is relatively random, the level of facilities needs to be improved, and the configuration of different public places is based on autonomous construction, lacking strict management and implementation of construction standards; ② Parents pay the most attention to speed, convenience, and concealment in case of emergencies, so mother and baby rooms are the first choice of those who bring babies to solve emergencies in public places; ③ Childcare women in central Chongqing have a high opinion of “hospitals”, and they are not satisfied with the quality of the services provided by these facilities. Women in central Chongqing have the highest demand for mother and baby rooms in hospitals, followed by parks, metro stations, playgrounds and shopping malls. ④ Breastfeeding is the main reason for baby carers to use mother and baby rooms in Chongqing’s urban centres, and the difficulty in finding them is the main reason why baby carers do not use them; ⑤ The overall usage rate of mother and baby rooms in Chongqing’s urban centres is high, but the sense of experience is poor. There should be more functional requirements to meet the needs of baby-carrying and there should be clear and explicit signage and prompt messages.