数字化转型对商业银行风险承担的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Digital Transformation on Risk Taking of Commercial Banks

摘要: 先进技术的不断更新促进了经济的进一步发展，随着金融科技和数字化经济的崛起，数字化转型也成为了企业实现经济快速发展的一种途径，在这种浪潮下，研究数字化转型会对商业银行风险承担具有何种影响有重要的意义。本文使用2011~2022年38家上市银行的数据为样本，使用动态面板GMM模型实证研究了数字化转型对商业银行风险承担的影响。实证结果表明随着数字化转型的提高，商业银行风险承担水平会显著的下降，此结论在增加控制变量后结果未发生变化依然是显著的。异质性分析发现：1) 传统国有银行和其他类型商业银行数字化转型对风险承担水平的影响具有异质性；2) 东部地区银行的数字化转型能够显著降低其风险承担水平，而中西部地区银行数字化转型对其风险承担水平没有明显的显著性。本文将商业银行资本管理水平作为调节变量使用资本充足率作为代理变量研究了银行风险管理对数字化转型和银行风险承担关联的调节效应，结果表明银行的资本充足性有利于抵御数字化转型所导致的银行风险。因此，银行应该增加在数字化转型方向的资本投入，保持充足的资本来应对可能遇到的风险。

Abstract: The continuous updating of advanced technology has promoted the further development of the economy, with the rise of financial technology and digital economy, digital transformation has also become a way for enterprises to achieve rapid economic development. In this wave, it is of great significance to study the impact of digital transformation on the risk taking of commercial banks. Using the data of 38 listed banks from 2011 to 2022, this paper empirically studies the impact of digital transformation on commercial banks’ risk-taking using the dynamic panel GMM model. The empirical results show that with the improvement of digital transformation, the risk-taking level of commercial banks will decrease significantly, and the results of this conclusion remain significant after the increase of control variables. The heterogeneity analysis shows that: 1) The impact of digital transformation of traditional state-owned banks and other types of commercial banks on the level of risk taking is heterogeneous; 2) The digital transformation of banks in the eastern region can significantly reduce their risk taking level, while the digital transformation of banks in the central and western regions has no obvious significance in their risk taking level. This paper takes the capital management level of commercial banks as the moderating variable and the capital adequacy ratio as the proxy variable to study the moderating effect of bank risk management on the correlation between digital transformation and bank risk-taking, and the results show that the capital adequacy of banks is conducive to resisting the bank risks caused by digital transformation. Therefore, banks should increase capital investment in the direction of digital transformation and maintain sufficient capital to deal with the risks they may encounter.