为承认而斗争：社会批判理论的新拓展

Struggle for Recognition: A New Expansion of Social Critical Theory

摘要: 批判性贯穿于马克思主义理论始终。霍克海默以工具理性为矛头开启了法兰克福学派对批判理论的研究。霍耐特作为法兰克福学派第三代领导集体的核心，基于哈贝马斯的交往行动理论以及重回黑格尔耶拿时期的承认理论，构建了“为承认而斗争”的社会批判理论。霍耐特的承认理论包含了爱、法律、团结三个方面的内容以及与之对立的三种蔑视，即强暴、剥夺权利、侮辱。霍耐特的承认理论突破了法兰克福学派第一、二代领导集体的理论缺陷，开启了批判理论的“承认”转向，为社会批判理论提供了新的研究进路。

Abstract: Criticism is present throughout Marxist theory. Horkheimer opened the Frankfurt School’s study of critical theory with instrumental rationality. Hornet, as the centerpiece of the third generation of the Frankfurt School’s leadership group, based on Habermas’s theory of interaction and action and the recognition theory of Hegel’s Jena period, Hornet constructed the social critical theory of “struggle for recognition”. Hornet’s theory of recognition includes the three aspects of love, law, and solidarity, as well as three kinds of contempt, namely, rape, deprivation of rights, and insult, in opposition to them. Hornet’s theory of recognition breaks through the theoretical flaws of the first and second generation of the Frankfurt School, initiates the “recognition” turn in critical theory, and provides a new research path for social critical theory.