数字经济发展对城乡消费差距的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of the Development of the Digital Economy on the Urban-Rural Consumption Gap

摘要: 近年来，数字经济的崛起为中国经济发展注入了新动力，城乡居民消费方式随之发生了重大变革，这对城乡消费差距带来了一定的影响，同时也深刻影响着共同富裕的进程。为分析数字经济对城乡消费差距的影响，本文以2012~2022年中国31个省份(不含港澳台地区) 11年的面板数据为基础，构建数字经济发展指数，借泰尔指数表示城乡消费差距，运用空间杜宾模型分析数字经济发展对城乡消费差距的影响。研究表明，数字经济发展能够抑制城乡居民在当地和临近城市的消费差距，空间溢出效应明显、间接效应大于直接效应，同时电子商务的发展和受教育程度同样可以缩小城乡之间的消费差距，这在经过滞后多期的稳健性检验后依然成立。因此政府可以通过加强数字经济的建设来达到缩小城乡消费差距的目的。

Abstract: In recent years, the rise of the digital economy has injected a new impetus to China’s economic development, and urban and rural residents’ consumption patterns have undergone significant changes as a result, which has brought about a certain impact on the consumption gap between urban and rural residents, and also profoundly affected the process of commonwealth. In order to analyse the impact of digital economy on the consumption gap between urban and rural residents, this paper takes the 11-year panel data of 31 Chinese provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions) from 2012 to 2022 as the basis, constructs the index of digital economic development, borrows the Thiel index to represent the consumption gap between urban and rural residents, and makes pioneering use of the spatial Durbin model to analyse the impact of digital economic development on the consumption gap between urban and rural residents. The study shows that the development of digital economy can suppress the consumption gap between urban and rural residents in local and neighbouring cities, and the spatial spillover effect is obvious, and the indirect effect is larger than the direct effect; meanwhile, the development of e-commerce and the level of education can also narrow the consumption gap between urban and rural areas, which is still valid after the robustness test of lagging for many periods.