数字经济时代个人信息的反垄断规制

Anti Monopoly Regulation of Personal Information in the Digital Economy Era

摘要: 大数据在推动经济迅速发展的同时也带来了对个人信息的侵害。保护消费者权益、维护竞争是反垄断法的立法宗旨，个人信息的过度收集与利用可能构成滥用市场支配地位，需反垄断法监管。同时，数字经济的零价格服务给反垄断法的适用带来了难题，包括合同自由下的隐性侵权、数字平台相关市场界定模糊、市场支配地位认定挑战。为应对数字平台垄断现象，需强化事前监管，明确平台企业的责任与义务，并借鉴欧盟“守门人”制度。同时，优化平台相关市场界定工具，如采用SSNDQ分析法，以质量为考察变量来界定相关市场。此外，还需优化市场支配地位的认定标准，如关注用户活跃量，以应对数据竞争的流动性，确保市场竞争的公平与透明。

Abstract: While big data drives rapid economic development, it also brings about the infringement of personal information. The legislative purpose of anti-monopoly law is to protect consumer rights and maintain competition. Excessive collection and utilization of personal information may constitute abuse of market dominance, which requires regulation by anti-monopoly law. At the same time, the zero price service of the digital economy has brought difficulties to the application of anti-monopoly laws, including hidden infringement under contract freedom, unclear market definitions related to digital platforms, and challenges in determining market dominance. To cope with the phenomenon of digital platform monopoly, it is necessary to strengthen pre supervision, clarify the responsibilities and obligations of platform enterprises, and draw on the “gatekeeper” system of the European Union. At the same time, platform-related market definition tools should be optimized, such as adopting SSNDQ analysis to define the relevant market with quality as the examining variable. In addition, it is necessary to optimize the criteria for determining market dominance, such as focusing on the amount of user activity, in order to cope with the fluidity of data competition and ensure fair and transparent market competition.