关于马克思“商品拜物教”批判理论的研究——基于《资本论》第一卷的文本考察

Research on Marx’s Critical Theory of “Commodity Fetishism”: A Textual Review Based on Volume One of Das Kapital

摘要: 马克思在《资本论》中对商品和劳动进行了二重性的分析，其对于商品的拜物教批判亦有两重维度，即社会存在维度和社会意识维度。由此，探究《资本论》中马克思商品拜物教批判理论的三个逻辑环节：一是剖析资本主义生产方式下的商品劳动生产和生产关系是商品拜物教形成的内在本质；二是描画商品通过自身价值形式运动将人与人之间的社会关系颠倒成物与物之间的交换关系的现实表象；三是揭示商品被视为无所不能之“神”的物化假象，进而揭露人们对商品“物”的迷恋和崇拜的拜物教思想误认。肃清商品拜物教现象背后的内在逻辑，既有助于准确把握马克思历史现象学批判核心之一的拜物教批判理论，也为破解当今社会发展中的各种拜物难题提供方法论上的意义。

Abstract: In Das Kapital, Marx analyzed the duality of goods and labor. Marx’s criticism of Fetishism of goods also has two dimensions, namely, the dimension of social existence and the dimension of social consciousness. On this basis, this paper explores the three logical links of Marx’s critical theory of Commodity fetishism in Das Kapital: First, it analyzes the commodity labor production and Relations of production under the capitalist mode of production, which is the internal essence of the formation of Commodity fetishism; The second is to depict the realistic representation of the social relationship between people being inverted into the exchange relationship between things through the movement of goods’ own value form; The third is to reveal the materialization illusion that commodities are regarded as omnipotent “gods”, and then expose people’s infatuation with commodity “things” and the misunderstanding of Fetishism. Clearing up the internal logic behind the formation of Commodity fetishism not only helps to accurately grasp the critical theory of Fetishism, which is one of the core of Marx’s historical phenomenology criticism, but also provides methodological significance for solving various fetishism problems faced by China’s social development today.