男性与女性在乳腺癌中的对比

Comparison of Men and Women in Breast Cancer

摘要: 据最新数据表明女性乳腺癌成为全球发病率第二的癌症，严重威胁女性群体的身心健康，并成为其主要死亡原因。但是乳腺癌并不是女性的专属，男性也会患有乳腺癌，由于男性乳腺癌(male breast cancer, MBC)发病率显著低于女性乳腺癌(female breast cancer, FBC)，大多数乳腺癌研究仅包括女性患者，虽然对MBC的生物学、临床表现、遗传学和治疗正在不断发展，但由于这种疾病的罕见性，与FBC相比仍然存在很大的知识差距。MBC与FBC在多个方面相似，例如高雌激素水平和家族癌症史等，所以通常将MBC与FBC相提并论。然而，近年来越来越多的研究表明MBC与FBC之间存在显著差异，应将MBC视为一种与FBC不同的疾病。本文就男性和女性在乳腺癌中不同的流行病学特征、危险因素、肿瘤特征和预后方面的研究进展综述如下。

Abstract: According to the latest data, female breast cancer has become the second most common cancer in the world, seriously threatening the physical and mental health of the female community and becoming the main cause of death. However, breast cancer is not exclusive to women, and men can also suffer from breast cancer. Because the incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) is significantly lower than that of female breast cancer (FBC), most breast cancers study only includes female patients. Although the biology, clinical manifestations, genetics and treatment of MBC are constantly developing, there is still a large knowledge gap compared with FBC due to the rarity of this disease. MBC and FBC are similar in many aspects, such as high estrogen levels and family cancer history, so MBC is usually compared with FBC. However, more and more studies in recent years have shown that there are significant differences between MBC and FBC, and MBC should be regarded as a different disease from FBC. This article summarizes the research progress of different epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, tumor characteristics and prognosis of men and women in breast cancer as follows.