孤独感、家庭功能对青少年网络游戏沉迷的影响：问卷调查和实证研究

Influence of Loneliness and Family Function on Teenagers’ Online Game Addiction: Questionnaire Survey and Empirical Research

摘要: 目的：了解青少年的网络游戏沉迷情况，探讨其与孤独感、家庭功能之间的关系。方法：以随机抽取的363名河南省的青少年作为研究对象，年龄在12~18岁之间，采用青少年游戏沉迷问卷、家庭亲密度与适应性量表和UCLA孤独量表进行问卷调查，采用SPSS 22.0进行独立样本t检验、方差分析、相关分析、中介效应分析等。结果：(1) 青少年的网络游戏沉迷水平在性别、游戏年限、年龄各个水平上差异不显著(P > 0.05)，在游戏时间上差异显著(P < 0.05)。(2) 青少年网络游戏沉迷与亲密度(r = −0.683, P < 0.01)和适应性(r = −0.664, P < 0.01)因子存在显著负相关，与孤独感存在显著的正相关(P < 0.01)。(3) 亲密度和适应性在孤独感和游戏沉迷之间起部分中介作用(效果量 = 0.343, P < 0.001)。结论：每日游戏时间越长，青少年的网络游戏沉迷水平就越高；青少年在家庭中感受到的亲密度和适应性程度越高，孤独感水平越低，网络游戏沉迷水平就越低；孤独感既可以直接影响青少年网络游戏沉迷，也可以通过亲密度和适应性发挥影响作用。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the addiction of adolescents to online games, and to explore the relationship between online game addiction and loneliness and family functioning. Methods: A total of 363 adolescents aged 12~18 years were randomly selected from Henan Province as the research subjects, and the questionnaires were conducted using the Adolescent Game Addiction Questionnaire, the Family Closeness and Adaptability Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and SPSS 22.0 was used for independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and mediating effect analysis. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in the level of online game addiction among adolescents in terms of gender, number of years of play, and age (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in game time (P < 0.05). (2) There was a significant negative correlation between online game addiction and intimacy (r = −0.683, P < 0.01) and adaptability (r = −0.664, P < 0.01), and a significant positive correlation with loneliness (P < 0.01). (3) Intimacy and adaptability partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and game addiction (effect amount = 0.343, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The longer the daily gaming time, the higher the level of online game addiction among adolescents; the higher the degree of intimacy and adaptability that adolescents feel in their families, the lower the level of loneliness, and the lower the level of online game addiction; loneliness can directly affect teens’ online game addiction, but it can also play an influential role through intimacy and adaptability.