接受美学视阈下谷川俊太郎诗歌的孤独意象汉译研究——以“士兵”为中心

A Study on the Chinese Translation of Lonely Imagery in Shuntaro Tanikawa’s Poetry from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics—Focusing on “Soldier”

摘要: 谷川俊太郎被誉为日本国民诗人，其诗歌凭借强烈的感受性，刻画了人类的悲欢与离合、孤独与生死、存在与虚无，在世界范围内引起无数人的共鸣。这种共鸣的来源之一就是诗歌中的“意象”。意象翻译的好坏，很大程度决定了读者能否顺利接收并理解诗人的思想与感情。而谷川诗歌中描绘的意象与中国读者心中的意象存在差异，容易造成理解障碍。因此，本文从“以读者为中心”的接受美学理论出发，通过考察“士兵”这一孤独意象的译文，探讨谷川诗歌中“士兵”意象的翻译要点，以期推进谷川诗歌的国内传播。总体而言，谷川诗歌中的“士兵”意象翻译应采取意译的形式满足读者期待视野，以直译的形式促进视野融合，并尽可能保留诗歌原有的意义空白。

Abstract: Shuntaro Tanikawa is hailed as a national poet of Japan. His poetry, with its strong sensitivity, depicts the joys and sorrows, separations and reunions, loneliness and life and death, existence and nothingness of human beings, resonating with countless people worldwide. One of the sources of this resonance is the “imagery” in the poems. The success of imagery translation is pivotal in enabling readers to grasp the poet’s intended thoughts and emotions. However, the imagery portrayed in Tanikawa’s poetry differs from the imagery in Chinese readers’ minds, which can easily lead to comprehension barriers. Therefore, this paper starts from the “reader-centered” theory of reception aesthetics and examines the translation of the “soldier”, a lonely image, to explore the key points of translating the “soldier” image in Tanikawa’s poetry, in order to promote the domestic dissemination of Tanikawa’s poetry. In general, the translation of the “soldier” imagery in Tanikawa’s poetry should adopt free translation to meet readers’ horizons of expectations, employ literal translation to facilitate the fusion of horizon, and try to retain the original poetry’s constitutive blank as much as possible.