扩大我国民事案件独任制的适用范围研究

Research on Expanding the Application Scope of the Sole-Judge Trial of Civil Cases in China

摘要: 当前扩大民事案件独任制的适用范围成为我国司法体系改革中的热点问题。从必要性来看，独任制是人民法院不可或缺的一种审判制度，是民事案件繁简分流的必然要求，其能够提高诉讼效能、化解司法资源有限与案多人少的现实矛盾，使得大量简单民事案件在保障公平的前提下有效解决我国民事审判中，合议庭制度存在的不堪重负，形合实独且流于形式的问题。此外，针对扩大独任制适用范围存在的具体问题，诸如独任制适用范围确定不明；独任制与合议制的转换机制不够完善；具体规则缺失等等，我认为国家应当进一步完善扩大独任制适用范围的立法，提高立法层级，细化独任制扩大适用的具体规则。

Abstract: At present, expanding the scope of application of the sole appointment system in civil cases has become a hot issue in the reform of our judicial system. From the point of view of necessity, the sole-appointment system is an indispensable trial system in the people’s courts, and it is an inevitable requirement for the separation of complicated and simple civil cases. . It can improve the efficiency of litigation, resolve the realistic contradiction between limited judicial resources and a small number of cases, and make a large number of simple civil cases effectively solve the overwhelmed, solid and formal problems of the collegiate panel system in our civil trials under the premise of ensuring fairness. In addition, in response to specific problems in expanding the scope of application of the sole appointment system, such as the unclear determination of the scope of application of the sole appointment system; the insufficient conversion mechanism between the sole appointment system and the collegiate system; the lack of specific rules, etc. I think the country should further improve and expand the sole appointment system, regulate the legislation of the scope of application, raise the legislative level, and refine the specific rules for the expansion of the application of the sole system.