巴布亚新几内亚语言生态及语言政策研究

A Study on Language Ecology and Language Policy in Papua New Guinea

摘要: 巴布亚新几内亚是一个语言多样性极为丰富的国家，拥有超过800种不同的语言，占世界语言总数的10%。本研究通过文献研究法综述了巴布亚新几内亚的语言生态，包括该国的历史、政治和人口等以及探讨了巴布亚新几内亚的语言政策，分为两个关键时期——殖民和现代独立时期的语言政策。研究发现，巴布亚新几内亚的有四大官方语言，分别为英语、托克皮辛语、希里莫图语以及巴布亚新几内亚手语。英语是教育语言，同时学习将本地语言作为一种学科进行教学，托克皮辛语是被使用最广泛的语言。本研究对于深入了解巴布亚新几内亚的语言生态现状、制定有效的语言政策以及保护语言多样性具有重要的学术和实践意义。

Abstract: Papua New Guinea is a country with an incredibly rich diversity of languages, boasting over 800 distinct languages, which account for 10% of the world’s total number of languages. This study uses literature research method to summarize the language ecology of Papua New Guinea, including its history, politics, and demographics, and explores the country’s language policies during two key periods: the colonial and modern independence periods. The study finds that Papua New Guinea has four official languages: English, Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, and Papua New Guinean Sign Language. English is the language of education, and local languages are taught as subjects. Tok Pisin is the most widely used language. This research is of significant academic and practical importance for understanding the current state of Papua New Guinea’s linguistic ecology, formulating effective language policies, and protecting language diversity.