数字公平视角下暗模式法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Dark Pattern from the Perspective of Digital Equity

摘要: 如今，网络算法陷阱、隐形续费以及平台诱导等利用消费者认知偏差的技术手段层出不穷，这些做法可以概括为Harry Brignull提出的概念——暗模式。暗模式一经提出，备受学界的关注和重视，成为诸多学者的研究热点。在新的数字鸿沟下，数字弱势群体不仅需要去学习如何使用新兴技术，还要预防更加复杂的网络陷阱，促进数字包容，实现数字公平刻不容缓。由于我国的数字立法仍然处于初步阶段，存在法律系统高度碎片化、执法能力不足的问题。因此需要深入研究并系统把握我国数字鸿沟的发展现状，从技术、立法以及执法上提出相应的完善措施以规制暗模式为代表的一系列网络陷阱，缓解横向的三道数字鸿沟，规制纵向的数字利维坦，缩小数字水平的差距，从而抑制数字阶级的产生。除此之外，应当在立足国情的基础上，借鉴与参考美国和欧盟关于数字法规的法律框架，将域外法律与经济方面的前瞻性研究与我国的实际情况相结合，制定适当的规范标准，弥补监管经验的缺失，填补国内相关法律的空白，为规制网络陷阱、平台诱导及暗模式的立法奠定夯实的基础。

Abstract: Nowadays, network algorithm traps, hidden renewals, and platform-induced techniques that exploit consumer cognitive biases emerge in an endless stream. These practices can be summarized as Dark Pattern proposed by Harry Brignull. Once proposed, the dark pattern has attracted great attention from the academic community and has become a research hotspot for many scholars. Under the new digital divide, digital vulnerable groups not only need to learn how to use emerging technologies, but also to prevent more complex network traps. It is imperative to promote digital inclusion and realize digital equity. China’s digital legislation is still in the initial stage. There are problems of high fragmentation of the legal system and insufficient capacity of law enforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study and systematically grasp the development status of China’s digital divide, and put forward corresponding improvement measures from the aspects of technology, legislation and law enforcement to regulate a series of network traps represented by dark pattern. In this way, three horizontal digital divides can be alleviated, vertical digital Leviathan can be regulated, the gap of digital ability can be narrowed and the generation of digital class can be suppressed. Besides, on the basis of national conditions, we should refer to the legal framework of the United States and the European Union on digital regulations, combine the forward- looking extraterritorial research of law and economy with the actual situation of China, formulate appropriate normative standards, make up for the lack of regulatory experience, fill in the gaps of relevant domestic laws, and lay a solid foundation for the legislation of regulating network traps, platform inducement and dark pattern.