混合碳政策下考虑区块链的电商平台供应链决策与协调策略

Supply Chain Decision-Making and Coordination Strategy of E-Commerce Platform Considering Blockchain under Mixed Carbon Policy

摘要: 本文在“碳税 + 碳交易”的混合碳政策下，面对存在消费者低碳偏好的市场，以一个制造商和一个电商平台组成的二级供应链为研究对象，借鉴电商平台实施区块链帮助制造商完成产品溯源及碳足迹追踪的运营现实，构建分散决策和集中决策模型，运用Stackelberg博弈方法探究平台供应链最优减排决策，并对比三种不同契约对平台供应链的协调效果，最后通过算例分析验证结论。研究表明：随着碳减排技术水平的提高，集中决策下平台供应链的减排优势相对分散决策会越来越明显；消费者低碳偏好意识的增强、碳减排成本系数的降低均可以促进产品碳减排率和产量的提升，增加平台供应链的总利润；集中决策下的产品需求量和单位产品碳减排量总是收益共享契约下的2倍；收益共享契约的协调效果强于成本分担契约，且两者都无法彻底消除双重边际效应，而平台供应链能被两部定价契约完全协调。

Abstract: Under the mixed carbon policy of “carbon tax + carbon trading”, in the face of the market with low carbon preference of consumers, this study focuses on a secondary supply chain structure featuring a collaboration between a manufacturing entity and an e-commerce platform as our core investigative subject. It learns from the operational reality of the e-commerce platform to implement blockchain to help manufacturers complete product traceability and carbon footprint tracking, and builds decentralized and centralized decision-making models. Stackelberg game method was used to explore the optimal emission reduction decision of platform supply chain, and the coordination effect of three different contracts on platform supply chain was compared. Finally, the conclusion was verified by an example analysis. The results show that with the improvement of carbon emission reduction technology level, the emission reduction advantages of platform supply chain under centralized decision-making will become more and more obvious compared with decentralized decision-making. Increased consumer consciousness about low-carbon preferences, combined with a decline in the carbon emission reduction cost factor, can drive advancements in the product’s carbon footprint reduction rate and production volume, thereby boosting the overall profit of the platform-based supply chain. Under centralized decision-making, both the demand for the product and the carbon emission reduction per unit of the product consistently double compared to the figures observed under benefit-sharing contracts. The coordination effect of revenue sharing contract is stronger than that of cost sharing contract, and neither of them can completely eliminate the double marginal effect, while the platform supply chain can be completely coordinated by two pricing contracts.